TASK 1
Use the Ithaca Campus Library to find the following:
· A useful book about Typography that could be of assistance when designing to a client brief
Title: Type graphics
Book code:
Z
246
.r52
2000
This typeography book is an excellent ideal book to get your imagination and your ideas swilling around in your head gives you great inspiration and has a long range of different types artists and also showing a bit of the history of earlier designers work in typeography not only does it give you a wide range of type it is set out very modern like and it is really interesting and lovely to look at.
This book also teaches you how to be emotive, expressive, illustrative and interpretive with your work. It also shows you the power of type in grasphics design and have managed to transform expectations and create startling designsthat challenge static notions of the role type plays in design.
· A useful magazine article about Typography that could be of assistance when designing to a client brief
The useful magazine I chose for type was called step by step
Magazine code:
nc
1
.s73
This magazine has an old feel to it showing older designs from back when you made a fire on the ground to cook you food hahahahhaha
And gives you a great range of type and lots of different ways to put type in for example 2d , 3d, with shade, with glow , in shapes ect.
This magazine shows you how to layout text in magazines and how big you should have them and how to make the reader see what the text is meaning. The magazine also shows you other ways of making text look affective and eye catching this is by putting an image inside of a letter or words.
· A useful website about Typography that could be of assistance when designing to a client brief (Note: Researching a useful website does not need to be completed at the Library – this can be done anywhere with Internet access).
·
http://www.linotype.com/?gclid=CKvfsuWX84sCFRoxTAodqjHNUw
this website give you all of these categories on type how to put type and gives you downloads but you have to pay for them of fonts .
all these fonts are styli and very eye catching
Try, purchase and download complete font families, value packs and single font weights from USD 24.00. We offer you more than 10,500 original, high-quality fonts from classic to cool in OpenType, TrueType and PostScript. - Try them out!
Font Finder (Shop)Looking for a special font?Explore the various ways to find the font that fit your needs.
more ...Current Font TopicsComplete solution for managing all your fonts.
Comfortable and free!Font of the WeekThe cool, elegant Stockholm is a great alternative to more traditional calligraphic fonts.
more ...NewsA multilingual OpenType font family in 32 type styles.
more ...Precision EngineeredA new family of Slab Serifs by Sebastian Lester for Monotype Imaging.
more ...Font ServicesTake a look at our comprehensive services, tailored to your needs.
more ...Paying is a bummer but if you’re a graphics designer you can make them yourself with the skills you carry.
They are really cool type designs very artistic and gives you great ides to work on and makes your imagination even more wilder.
This website also gives you type by categories
Find Fonts by Category
Text Fonts(for books and magazines)
Script Fonts(calligraphy,handwriting fonts)
Handwriting/Grunge Fonts(fonts with apersonal touch)
Corporate Fonts(fonts forcorporate design)
Celebration Fonts(events from birth-day to Halloween)
Blackletter Fonts(gothic, celtic fonts)
Comic Fonts(kids and fun fonts)
Western Fonts(inspired bythe Wild West)
Cool Fonts(modern, technicallook)
Screen Fonts(optimized for small sizes)
Symbol Fonts(pi fonts forany occasion)
> Required Research: Ithaca Campus Library book, magazine article and web-based resource
> Suggested Length: 2 paragraphs about each resource
TASK 2
Use the Ithaca Campus Library to find the following:
· A useful book about Colour Theory that could be of assistance when designing to a client brief
Title: colour theory made easy
Book code:
Nd
1488
.a46
1996
This book includes all of the colour types and descriptions it also shows you ways of mixing paints to get colours and shows values hues intensities. Also tells you about the code carrier concept, also tells you about black and white. Also how your eyes work to see all the colours of the world around us.
· A useful magazine article about Colour Theory that could be of assistance when designing to a client brief
· A useful website about Colour Theory that could be of assistance when designing to a client brief (Note: Researching a useful website does not need to be completed at the Library – this can be done anywhere with Internet access).
http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs092/VA10/HTML/start.htmlTells you information about:
IntroductionElectronic ColorColor ModelsColor MixingColor Contrast Albers Plate 1 Albers Plate 2 Albers Plate 3The contents of the site can be broken down into four main sections:
Electronic Color: A short introduction to electronic color and its differences from pigment-based color.
Color Models: A brief overview of the history of color models, both pigment-based and electronic, and an application of two of the electronic models.
Color Mixing: An introduction to Goethe and his color triangle, and an application using his triangle to experiment with different color mixing.
Color Contrast: An introduction to the ideas of Johannes Itten and Joseph Albers, and an application of several of Albers exercises.
TASK 3
Describe the following Colour Models:
· CMYK
CMYK (short for cyan, magenta, yellow, and key) is a
subtractive color model used in color
printing.
This color model is based on mixing pigments of the following
colors in order to make other colors:
C =
CyanM =
MagentaY =
YellowK = Key (
Black).
The mixture of ideal CMY
colors is subtractive (cyan, magenta, and yellow printed together on white result in black). CMYK works through
light absorption. The colors that are seen are from the part of light that is not absorbed. In CMYK, magenta plus yellow produces
red, magenta plus cyan makes
blue and cyan plus yellow generates
green.
· RGB
The RGB color model or RBG color standard (often spelled RBG in historical engineering literature) is an
additive model in which
red,
green, and
blue (often used in additive light models) are combined in various ways to reproduce other
colors. The name of the model and the abbreviation ‘RGB’ come from the three
primary colors, red, green, and blue and the technological development of
cathode ray tubes which could display color instead of a monochrome phosphoresence (including grey scaling) such as black and white film and television imaging.
The term RGBA is also used, to mean Red, Green, Blue, Alpha. This is not a different color model, but a representation; the Alpha is used for transparency.
· HSB
The HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) model, also known as HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness), defines a
color space in terms of three constituent components:
Hue, the
color type (such as red, blue, or yellow):
Ranges from 0-360 (but normalized to 0-100% in some applications)
Saturation, the "vibrancy" of the color:
Ranges from 0-100%
Also sometimes called the "purity" by analogy to the
colorimetric quantities
excitation purity and
colorimetric purityThe lower the saturation of a color, the more "grayness" is present and the more faded the color will appear, thus useful to define desaturation as the qualitative inverse of saturation
Value, the
brightness of the color:
Ranges from 0-100%
The HSV model was created in 1978 by
Alvy Ray Smith. It is a
nonlinear transformation of the
RGB color space, and may be used in
color progressions. Note that HSV and HSB are the same, but
HSL is different.
The definition of the HSV color model is not device independent. HSV is only defined relative to RGB intensities - without physical definitions of their chromaticities and white point. For accurate and device independent representation, use
CIE L*a*b or another
CIE-based color model.
· Grayscale
In
computing, a grayscale or greyscale
digital image is an image in which the value of each
pixel is a single
sample. Displayed images of this sort are typically composed of shades of
gray, varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest, though in principle the samples could be displayed as shades of any color, or even coded with various colors for different intensities. Grayscale images are distinct from
black-and-white images, which in the context of computer imaging are images with only two
colors,
black and
white; grayscale images have many shades of gray in between. In most contexts other than digital imaging, however, the term "black and white" is used in place of "grayscale"; for example, photography in shades of gray is typically called "black-and-white photography". The term
monochromatic in some digital imaging contexts is synonymous with grayscale, and in some contexts synonymous with black-and-white.
· LAB
Lab is the abbreviated name of two different
color spaces. The best known is CIELAB (strictly CIE 1976 L*a*b*) and the other is Hunter Lab (strictly, Hunter L, a, b). Lab is an informal abbreviation, and without further checking should not be assumed to be one or the other. The color spaces are related in intention and purpose, but are different.
Both spaces are derived from the "master" space
CIE 1931 XYZ color space. However, CIELAB is calculated using cube roots, and Hunter Lab is calculated using square roots.
[1] Except where data must be compared with existing Hunter L,a,b values, it is recommended that CIELAB be used for new applications.
[1]The intention of both spaces is to produce a color space that is more perceptually linear than other color spaces. Perceptually linear means that a change of the same amount in a color value should produce a change of about the same visual importance. When storing colors in limited precision values, this can improve the reproduction of tones. Both Lab spaces are relative to the whitepoint of the XYZ data they were converted from. Lab values do not define absolute colors unless the whitepoint is also specified. Often, in practice, the whitepoint is assumed to follow a standard and is not explicitly stated (e.g., all ICC Lab values are relative to CIE standard illuminant D50).
Reference: wikidpedia.com
TASK 4
Describe the following File Formats:
· AI
Adobe Illustrator Artwork (AI) is a
proprietary file format developed by
Adobe Systems for representing single-page
vector-based drawings in either the
EPS or
PDF formats. The .ai
filename extension is used by
Adobe Illustrator.
Early versions of the AI file format are true
EPS files with a restricted, compact syntax, with additional semantics represented by Illustrator-specific
DSC comments that conform to DSC's Open Structuring Conventions. These files are identical to their corresponding Illustrator EPS counterparts, but with the EPS procsets (
procedure sets) omitted from the file and instead externally referenced using %%Include
directives.
Recent versions of the AI file format, including the PDF-based formats and recent EPS formats, are based on a native format called
PGF that is unrelated to both EPS and PDF. PDF compatibility is achieved not by extending the PDF format, but by embedding a complete copy of the native PGF data within the PDF file. The same kind of “dual path” approach is also used when recent versions of Illustrator are saving EPS-compatible files.
· PDF
Portable Document Format (PDF), sometimes mistaken for "Printable Document Format", is an
open file format created by
Adobe Systems in 1993 and is now being prepared for submission as an
ISO standard.
[1] It is used for representing two-dimensional documents in a
device independent and
resolution independent fixed-layout document format. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a 2D document (and, with the advent of Acrobat 3D, embedded 3D documents) that includes the text, fonts, images, and 2D
vector graphics that compose the document.
While PDF can describe very simple one page documents, it may also be used for many pages, complex documents that use a variety of fonts, graphics, colors, and images.
· EPS
Encapsulated PostScript, or EPS, is a
DSC-conforming
PostScript document with additional restrictions intended to make EPS files usable as a
graphics file format. In other words, EPS files are more-or-less self-contained, reasonably predictable PostScript documents that describe an image or drawing, that can be placed within another PostScript document.
At a minimum, an EPS file contains a
BoundingBox DSC comment, describing the rectangle containing the image described by the EPS file. Applications can use this information to lay out the page, even if they are unable to directly render the PostScript inside.
EPS, together with DSC's Open Structuring Conventions, form the basis of early versions of the
Adobe Illustrator Artwork file format.
· SVG
Main article:
SVG editorAdobe Illustrator commercial program that imports and exports SVG
CorelDRAW commercial program that imports and exports SVG
GIMP open source multi-platform graphics editor with SVG import and export capabilities; however, the export function only applies to vector graphics produced or edited in the GIMP.
GLIPS Graffiti open source native SVG editor based on Batik toolkit (see below).
Inkscape open-source multi-platform vector editor using SVG as its native format with export to EPS and other formats.
IVEO® Creator commercial SVG authoring tool to create and edit accessible tactile-audio documents
Skencil open source vector editor with SVG import and export.
Sketsa cross platform WYSIWYG SVG editor, free trial.
Sodipodi open source multi-platform editor, of which Inkscape is a
fork.
3D Flash Animator commercial Flash-editor that can export/import SVG
lineform commercial vector editor for the
Macintosh· PSD
.psd, the default file extension of the proprietary file format of Adobe System's Photoshop program.
A portable or
personal storage device, small
hard drives designed to copy digital photographs from your camera.
Programmable system device, an integrated circuit manufactured by ST Microelectronics and including Flash-ROM, RAM, and logic functions on a single chip.
A Program Structure Diagram, also known as a
Nassi-Shneiderman diagram.
· TIFF
Tagged Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF) is a
file format for mainly storing
images, including
photographs and
line art. Originally created by the company
Aldus, jointly with
Microsoft, for use with
PostScript printing, TIFF is a popular format for high
color depth images, along with
JPEG and
PNG. TIFF format is widely supported by image-manipulation applications such as
Photoshop by
Adobe,
GIMP,
Ulead PhotoImpact, and Photo-Paint as well as
Paint Shop Pro by
Corel, by
desktop publishing and page layout applications, such as
QuarkXPress and
Adobe InDesign, and by
scanning, faxing, word processing,
optical character recognition, and other applications. TIFF was chosen as the native format for raster graphics in the
NeXTstep operating system, and this TIFF support carried over into
Mac OS X. Adobe Systems, which acquired the
PageMaker publishing program from Aldus, now controls the TIFF specification, although it has not had a major update since 1992 (several technical notes have been published with minor extensions to the format).
· JPEG
In
computing, JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg;
IPA: [ˈdʒeɪpɛg]) is a commonly used standard method of
compression for photographic images. The name JPEG stands for
Joint Photographic Experts Group, the name of the committee who created the standard. The group was organized in
1986, issuing a standard in
1992 which was approved in
1994 as ISO 10918-1. JPEG should not be confused with
MPEG, the Moving Picture Experts Group, which produces compression schemes for video.
JPEG itself specifies both the
codec, which defines how an image is compressed into a stream of
bytes and decompressed back into an image, and the file format used to contain that stream. The compression method is usually
lossy compression, meaning that some visual quality is lost in the process, although there are
variations on the standard baseline JPEG which are lossless. There is also a "progressive" format, in which data is compressed in multiple passes of progressively higher detail. This is ideal for large images that will be displayed whilst downloading over a slow connection, allowing a reasonable preview before all the data has been retrieved. However, progressive JPEGs are not as widely supported.
The
file format is known as 'JPEG Interchange Format', as specified in Annex B of the standard. This is often confused with the
JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF), a minimal version of the JPEG format that was deliberately simplified so that it could be widely implemented and thus become the de-facto standard. Most image editing software programs that write to a "JPEG file" are actually creating a file in
JFIF format.
Image files that employ JPEG compression are commonly called "JPEG files". The most common
file extension for this format is .jpg, though .jpeg, .jpe, .jfif and .jif are also used. It is also possible for JPEG data to be embedded in other file types, such as
TIFF format images.
JPEG/JFIF is the format most used for storing and transmitting photographs on the
World Wide Web. For this application, it is preferred to formats such as
GIF, which has a limit of 256 distinct colors that is insufficient for color photographs, and
PNG, which produces much larger image files for this type of image. The compression algorithm is not as well suited for line drawings and other textual or iconic graphics, and thus the PNG and GIF formats are preferred for these types of images.
· GIF
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is an
8-bit-per-pixel bitmap image format that was introduced by
CompuServe in
1987 and has since come into widespread usage on the
World Wide Web due to its wide support and portability.
The format uses a palette of up to 256 distinct colors from the 24-bit RGB color space. It also supports animations and allows a separate palette of 256 colors for each frame. The color limitation makes the GIF format unsuitable for reproducing color photographs and other images with continuous color, but it is well-suited for more simple images such as graphics or logos with solid areas of color.
GIF images are compressed using the
LZW lossless data compression technique to reduce the file size without degrading the visual quality. This compression technique was patented in 1985. The controversy over the patent licensing agreement between the patent proprietor,
Unisys, and CompuServe in 1994 led to the development of the
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) standard.
· PNG
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a
bitmapped image format that employs
lossless data compression. PNG was created to improve and replace the
GIF format, as an image-file format not requiring a
patent license. PNG is pronounced "ping" (/pɪŋ/ in
IPA), but can be spoken "P-N-G".
PNG supports palette-based (palettes of 24-bit
RGB colors) or
greyscale or RGB images. PNG was designed for transferring images on the Internet, not professional graphics, and so does not support other color spaces (such as
CMYK).
PNG files nearly always use file-extension "PNG" or "png" and are assigned
MIME media type "image/png" (approved
October 14,
1996).
TASK 5
In relation to Adobe Illustrator CS, explain the following:
· The Adobe Type Engine and Legacy Type
· Open Type, Postscript Type 1, and True Type Fonts
• In your Blog posting explain how your design has changed from the initial rough
